We were discussing the concept of laminar
and turbulent flow, Reynolds
experiment, frictional
loss in pipes, derivation of expression
for loss of head due to friction in pipes, co-efficient
of friction in terms of shear stress, basics
of shear stress in turbulent flow and also the minor head losses in pipe flow, in the subject of fluid mechanics, in our recent posts.
Where,
Now we will go ahead to see the concept of hydraulic
gradient and total energy line, in the subject of fluid mechanics, with the help
of this post.
Concepts of hydraulic gradient line and total energy
line will be quite useful when we analyze the problems of fluid flow through
pipes. Now we will understand here the concept of hydraulic gradient line and
total energy line.
Hydraulic gradient line and total energy line are
the graphical representation for the longitudinal variation in piezometric head
and total head.
Hydraulic gradient line
Hydraulic gradient line is basically defined as the
line which will give the sum of pressure head and datum head or potential head
of a fluid flowing through a pipe with respect to some reference line.
Hydraulic gradient line = Pressure head + Potential
head or datum head
H.G.L = P/ρg + Z
Where,
H.G.L = Hydraulic gradient line
P/ρg = Pressure head
Z = Potential head or datum head
Total Energy Line
Total energy line is basically defined as the line
which will give the sum of pressure head, potential head and kinetic head of a
fluid flowing through a pipe with respect to some reference line.
Total energy line = Pressure head + Potential head +
Kinetic head
H.G.L = P/ρg + Z + V2/2g
Where,
T.E.L = Total energy line
P/ρg = Pressure head
Z = Potential head or datum head
V2/2g = Kinetic head or velocity head
Relation between hydraulic gradient line and total energy line
H.G.L = E.G.L - V2/2g
Let us see the following figure, there is one
reservoir filled with water and also connected with one pipe of uniform
cross-sectional diameter.
Hydraulic gradient and energy lines are displayed in
figure.
At Velocity V = 0, Kinetic head will be zero and
therefore hydraulic gradient line and energy gradient line will be same.
At Velocity V = 0, EGL = HGL
Further we will go ahead to find out the basic concept of flow through syphon in the subject of fluid mechanics, with the
help of our next post.
You can find out some very important posts based on engineering practices such as Comparison between AC welding and DC welding, Difference Between Arc welding and Gas welding etc.
You can find out some very important posts based on engineering practices such as Comparison between AC welding and DC welding, Difference Between Arc welding and Gas welding etc.
Some very important topic based on fluid mechanics/machinery could found here with following pages as mentioned here.
Reciprocating pump, main components of a reciprocating pump, working principle of reciprocating pump, ideal indicator diagram of reciprocating pump, effect of acceleration and friction on indicator diagram of reciprocating pump, expression for acceleration head in the suction pipe of a reciprocating pump and double acting reciprocating pump: working principle, discharge, work done and power required.
Do you have any suggestions? Please write in comment box.
Reciprocating pump, main components of a reciprocating pump, working principle of reciprocating pump, ideal indicator diagram of reciprocating pump, effect of acceleration and friction on indicator diagram of reciprocating pump, expression for acceleration head in the suction pipe of a reciprocating pump and double acting reciprocating pump: working principle, discharge, work done and power required.
Do you have any suggestions? Please write in comment box.
Reference:
Fluid mechanics, By R. K. Bansal
Image courtesy: Google
Also read
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cutting tools: definition and classification
Explain the geometry and nomenclature of a single point cutting tool
Positive and negative effects of
friction
Some guidelines for solving
frictional problems
Concept of rolling resistance or
rolling friction
Wedge friction and concept of
self- locking
Assumptions made in the Euler’s
column theory
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